வரலாறு மற்றும் இந்தியா கலாசாரம் என்ற தலைப்பில் இன்று நீங்கள் டிஎன்பிஎஸ்சி - 4 படிக்க வேண்டிய தலைப்புகள் பற்றி பார்க்க இருக்கிறோம் .
history and culture of india pazhaiya karkaalam thondri
HISTORY
- THE PALAEOLITHIC AGE or old stone age
- The Mesolithic age or middle stone age
- The neolithic age or New stone age
palaeolithic period or old stone age (500,000- 10,000 B.C.)
Three phases of paleolithic Age:
- Early or lower palawolithic age;
- Middle palaeolithic age
- Upper Palaeolithic age;
Mesolithic period or Middle stone age (10,000- 6000 B.C)
Neo lithic age or New stone age (6000-1000 B.C.)
chlacolithic age or stone copper age
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
THE MAIN IMPORTANT OTHERS
- SIR JOHN MARSHAL 3250 BC- 2750 B.C
- WHEELER 2500- 1500 BC
- WALTER 2000- 1500 BC
- P.P. AGARWAL 2300- 1750 B,.C
- R.B Dayaram sahani in 1921
- RD banerjee in 1922.
SOME IMPORTANT SITES
- HARAPPA
- MOHENJODARO
- LOTHAL
- KALIBANGAN
TOWN PLANNING & STRUCTURE
- grid system
- Underground drainage system
- The Great bath
- 6 Granaries
- lamp post
Agriculture
cultivation in the river banks of indus ,kalibangan , lothal and rangpur
well irrigation in alladinho , rivers and canals dholavira
domestication of animals
trade
towns associated with different industries
- daimabad - Bronze industry
- Lothal - factory for stone tools and metqallic finished goods .
- Balakot - pearl finished goods, bangle , and shell industry
- Chanudaro - Beads and bangles factory
Art and craft
Religious practices
script - boustrophedon
Burial practices - Mohenjo daro , Harappa , kalibangan lothal and rupar
decline of the indus valley civlization
- aryan invasion - Wheeler , gordon ,Childe
- ecological disturbance - Fairservice.
- Change in river course - dales , M.S. vatsa
- low rainfall - stein
- Flood - Macay, S.R. rao
- Drying of ghaggar - Raikes and DAles
